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Pan-cancer Standard
Description
Tumor markers refer to a class of substances that are produced by tumor cells themselves or abnormally produced and/or increased by the body's response to tumor cells during the occurrence and proliferation of malignant tumors, reflecting the existence and growth of tumors. They include proteins, hormones, enzymes (isoenzymes), polyamines and oncogene products, etc. They exist in the patient's blood, body fluids, cells or tissues and can be measured by biochemistry, immunology and molecular biology methods. They have certain clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value in the auxiliary diagnosis, differential diagnosis, efficacy observation, recurrence monitoring and prognosis evaluation of tumors.
Pan-cancer Biomarkers Introduction
 TMB Tumor mutational burden (TMB) refers to the number or density of non-synonymous mutations in the coding region of the tumor genome (mutation number/Mb). It is a surrogate marker for tumor neoantigen load. In the past, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used as the gold standard for evaluation. |
MSI MSI, or microsatellite instability, refers to the phenomenon that the mismatch repair mechanism (MMR) fails during DNA replication, resulting in an increase or decrease in the number of repeated fragments that cannot be repaired by the body, causing changes in the length of microsatellites. |
MRD MRD refers to the tumor cells or markers that remain in the body after treatment. There are three common: Minimal Residual Disease, Measurable Residual Disease, and Molecular Residual Disease. Kebai Gene's quality control products are accurately calibrated, with a mutation frequency as low as 0.005% (0.5 in 100,000).The product contains multiple mutation sites. |
HRR Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) is one of the core repair methods for double-strand DNA damage. It uses homologous DNA templates to repair double-strand breaks in DNA and is initiated by end resection from the DNA break ends to generate a long string of single-stranded DNA for strand invasion, thereby completing the repair of the double-stranded damage site. |
HRD Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) usually refers to the dysfunctional state of homologous recombination repair (HRR) at the cellular level. HRD can be caused by many factors, such as germline mutations or somatic mutations of HRR-related genes and epigenetic inactivation.HRD positivity is the reasonable biomarker for selecting PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy. |
MMR Mismatch Repair (MMR) refers to a repair method that restores the nucleotide sequence to normal in DNA molecules containing mismatched bases. When the MMR gene undergoes germline mutation or methylation, the MMR function will be reduced, resulting in base mismatches, deletions or insertions in the DNA sequence that cannot be repaired. |
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