A fusion gene occurs when all or part of the sequences of two genes fuse to form a new gene. This can occur as a result of a chromosomal translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion.

There are three common mechanisms for gene fusion:
1) Chromosomal translocation. As shown in Figure A above, two segments on chromosomes 1 and 2 cross over, resulting in the fusion of the light green gene on chromosome 1 with the orange gene on chromosome 2.

Past research has consistently shown that gene fusions are closely associated with the development and progression of various diseases, particularly cancer, and can even be a direct cause of some cancers. Therefore, gene fusions have become a key area of research in current omics big data analysis.

Currently, many cancers have been reported to be closely associated with gene fusions, as shown in the following table:

If the desired site cannot be found in the natural sample, we can use cell engineering technology to edit specific chromosomal locations. The edited cell line has clear breakpoints and is completely identical to the natural sequence, enabling stable detection at the RNA level and testing the sensitivity, specificity, and stability of fusion gene detection.